Yeshiva University traces its origins to Yeshiva Eitz Chaim, founded in 1886 on New York's Lower East Side. In 1896, the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary (RIETS) was founded there; the New York State Board of Regents chartered it in 1897. In 1915, the two schools merged.

Under the leadership of Dr. Bernard Revel, who served as president from 1915 until his death in 1940, the institution embarked on a plan of educational development and growth. In 1929, the institution moved to its Wilf Campus in Manhattan's Washington Heights. Liberal arts programs began with the establishment of Yeshiva College in 1928, and the first graduate curriculum (in Jewish studies) was introduced in 1935.

The election of Dr. Samuel Belkin as president in 1943 inaugurated a new era of expansion. University status was granted in 1945 by the New York State Board of Regents. The institution initiated programs of general and professional studies, research, and special projects to benefit many constituencies. These included a college of liberal arts and sciences for women and graduate schools of medicine, law, social work and psychology.

Dr. Norman Lamm was elected president in 1976, following Dr. Belkin's death. He undertook a complete review of the University's structure and operations, and significantly expanded undergraduate study opportunities to include, among other things, a new undergraduate school of business. He also has enriched graduate and professional school resources and has established a carefully monitored fiscal system and development program to further the University's goals.

Richard M. Joel was elected president in 2002, succeeding Dr. Lamm. He brings to office the vigor of an outstanding Jewish communal leader and administrator. President Joel refined and sharpened these skills, furthering Jewish renaissance among college students in America and abroad. His experience and charisma as an educator and leader are considered key qualities to help advance Yeshiva University’s role as the flagship of Torah U’Madda, the synthesis of Jewish learning and the advancement of human knowledge.